Chapter 3 Questions
+ Voices from the Story and Referenced Resources
Think about it
- Compare how certain animals species interact with each other to how humans do.
- What do you think makes a question "good" or "bad"? Can you give examples of each?
- Why does the constitution matter?
- What didn't you know about Canada's constitution before this story? What did you find surprising?
- If you could go back in time, would you have supported Meech Lake or Charlottetown? Why or why not?
- Do you think the constitution needs to be reformed?
- Why do you think history matters?
- What did you learn from Ian's story? Do you better understand the intent of Section 35?
- How does Section 35 of the constitution shape our country today?
- Do you think Section 35 needs to be amended? Why?
- What life lessons from this story can you apply to your work and your life?
- What is the history of treaty-making in Canada?
- What is the real-world legacy of the Indian Act?
- Do you have faith in the modern-day treaty process?
- Why is it important to understand Indigenous governance structures?
- Do you think the majority of Canadians understand the legal requirements of the Crown's duty to consult?
- How should we move forward as a nation?
- How do you handle situations where you don't understand something, but are hesitant to ask questions? What strategies could you use to overcome this hesitation?
- Why is disagreement important?
- How can we, as a country, focus on our commonalities, rather than our differences?
- Do you think truth and reconciliation is possible within your lifetime? Why or why not?
- Reflect on this quote from Dr. Leroy Little Bear: “In this era of Truth and Reconciliation, most people are talking about reconciliation. Not too many people are talking about truth. And I think a good starting point is to focus on the truth.” What does this mean to you? How can we - should we - focus on the truth?
Hot Takes
Reflection Activity
- Option One: Create a timeline to visually demonstrate the history of an issue discussed in this story.
- Option Two: Have a conversation with representatives of an Indigenous community near you. Learn their history and ask questions about their experiences on the land. Be sure to listen and take notes.
Define
- Article 35
- British North America Act
- The Constitution
- Charter of Rights and Freedoms
- Meech Lake Accord
- Charlottetown Accord
- Royal Proclamation of 1764
- Duty to Consult
- Truth and Reconciliation
- Stakeholder
- Treaties
- Public Land
- Crown Land
- Truth and Reconciliation Commission
- Assembly of First Nations
- The Indian Act
- Chief
- Band Council
- Big Houses
- Clans
- Hereditary Chief
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Referenced Resources
- What scares a grizzly bear? Guide sees ‘unbelievably phenomenal’ sight in Grand Tetons
- LOOK: Guide Spots Pack of Wolverines Chasing Grizzly Bear Family Through the Grand Tetons
- Cleveland Baseball Team Sued Over Guardians Name Change
- The Constitution
- Article 35: Rights of the Aboriginal Peoples of Canada
- Supreme Court Judgments: Delgamuukw v. British Columbia
- Supreme Court Judgments: R. v. Sparrow
- Northern frontier, northern homeland : the report of the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline Inquiry, volume two : terms and conditions / Mr. Justice Thomas R. Berger.
- Royal Proclamation of 1763: Relationships, Rights and Treaties
- Government of Canada and the duty to consult
- First Nations, LNG Canada, and the Politics of Anti-Pipeline Protests
- History of Canada Day
- British North America Act 1867
- British North America Act, 1867 - Enactment no. 1
- Seven Years War
- American Invasion
- European Colonies
- Consolidation of Constitution Acts, 1867 to 1982
- The making of a deal: Trudeau, patriation and the Charter
- Canada Act 1982
- House of Commons
- After four decades, we still must build on gains made by Charter of Rights
- 6 big changes the Charter of Rights has brought
- After 40 years, the Charter of Rights and Freedoms steered Canada toward a better society
- Alberta, Quebec, and the politics of equalization
- Alberta wants equalization reforms as Ottawa aims to lock in formula until 2029
- Sask. premier proposes changes to Canada’s equalization payments
- Canada’s Equalization Program: Political Debates and Opportunities for Reform
- Alberta sovereignty is a constitutional right
- Quebec’s Bill 96: The Latest Chapter on Quebec and the Constitution
- "The Night of Long Knives" Political intrigue highlights Canada's struggle to bring home its constitution
- Quebec resists Canada's new constitution
- What was really signed on Parliament Hill 40 years ago, on April 17, 1982?
- The Evolution of the Canadian Constitution
- Saga of Canada’s Constitution
- Why Quebec Refused to Sign in 1982
- Defining Moments: The Canadian Constitution
- The Patriation and Quebec Veto References: The Supreme Court Wrestles with the Political Part of the Constitution
- From the Backroom to the Front Line: Making Constitutional History or Encounters with the Constitution: Patriation, Meech Lake, and Charlottetown
- Patriation of the Constitution
- Meech Lake Accord
- Charlottetown Accord
- 1987 Constitutional Accord
- Rejection of Charlottetown accord ended era of constitutional reform
- The Meech Lake Accord explained in 1990
- 25 years since Elijah Harper said 'no' to the Meech Lake Accord
- 25 years ago, a simple ‘no’
- Constitutional reform dies with Meech Lake accord
- Elijah Harper's vote of protest
- Native leader Elijah Harper helped scuttle Meech Lake
- Phil Fontaine helps orchestrate death of Meech Lake Accord
- The Power of a Single Feather: Meech Lake, Indigenous Resistance and the Evolution of Indigenous Politics in Canada
- The Meech Lake Accord: Entrenching a Pecking Order of Minority Rights
- Brian Mulroney, Pierre Trudeau Meech Lake drama unveiled in cabinet minutes
- Robert Bourassa on the failure of Meech
- Failure of the Meech Lake accord lingers on
- When moving past the Indian Act means something worse
- Draft Legal Text: Charlottetown Accord
- Treaty Indigenous Peoples and the Charlottetown Accord
- The 1992 Charlottetown Accord and First Nations Peoples
- Charlottetown and Aboriginal Rights: Delayed But Never Relinquished
- Assembly of First Nations
- Demise of Charlottetown accord still impacts Canadian politics
- Learning from Failure: Lessons from Charlottetown
- From the archives: Canadian people send clear message to politicians by rejecting agreement
- Thirty years on, the boos to the Charlottetown accord still echo throughout Canada
- Once again Quebec more equal than other provinces
- The Rise of the Reform Party: The Changing Face of Canada
- Referendum on the Charlottetown constitutional accord
- Canada Is Long Overdue For A New Constitution
- Co-operative federalism is not unilateral federalism
- Change the Constitution or face Alberta independence referendum, says architect of Sovereignty Act
- 25 years later, loss of Meech Lake was the demise of a sweetheart deal
- Constitution Act, 1982 Section 35 - Indigenous Foundations
- About Thomas R. Berger
- The Mackenzie Valley Pipeline Inquiry
- Berger Inquiry
- The Berger Inquiry
- Justice Thomas Berger Created a Model for Consultation and Respect
- B.C. legal giant Thomas Berger helped define Indigenous rights in Canadian law
- Tom Berger fought for Indigenous rights his whole life
- McLeod Lake First Nation leader Chingee dies
- Pierre Trudeau
- The making of a deal: Trudeau, patriation and the Charter
- Federal gender equality laws in Canada
- Supreme Court Upholds Immunity Clause Protecting the Alberta Energy Regulator
- How Pierre Trudeau Relented on Indigenous Rights
- Royal Proclamation of 1763: Relationships, Rights and Treaties
- Government of Canada and the duty to consult
- The ‘duty to consult’ Indigenous Canadians, and its limits
- Chief Harley Chingee says forestry remains the ‘bread and butter’ of McLeod Lake Indian Band
- Left Out in the Cold: The Problem with Aboriginal Title under Section 35(1) of the Constitution Act, 1982 for Historically Nomadic Aboriginal Peoples
- Canada loves the rule of law (unless we’re talking Indigenous rights)
- Unilateral Indigenous decisions can’t be allowed to override democratic principles
- It appears First Nation have a veto on resource projects after all
- Do B.C. First Nations really have the power of veto?
- Duty to Consult Is Not a Veto
- Yukon government rejects veto law for First Nations
- First Nations can't veto energy projects, Supreme Court affirms
- First Nation can veto proposed B.C. coal mine as part of unique deal with developer
- Flathead: Next National Park?
- The delicate act of creating a national park in polarized times
- What’s The ‘National Interest’ Anyways? Conflict Resolution Expert Adam Kahane on Canada’s Oil Pipeline Debate
- Why Trans Mountain is in Canada's national interest
- The Canada experiment: is this the world's first 'postnational' country?
- Peace support operations (1954-present)
- Canadian Multiculturalism: A Work in Progress
- 50 years of multiculturalism: It's as Canadian as maple syrup
- Rule of Law
- In Canada, the rule of law is giving way to the rule of will
- What is the Law - About Canada's System of Justice
- Canada’s indigenous people are still overlooked
- 2023 will be a pivotal year for Indigenous child welfare on both sides of the border
- Canada should be preparing for the end of American democracy
- Opinion: How Canada can improve security if American democracy collapses
- Canada's dangerous reliance on Chinese goods must end
- Before reconciliation is possible, Canadians must admit the truth
- The reconciliation project is making progress — but not quickly enough for many
- Unilateral Indigenous decisions can’t be allowed to override democratic principles
- First Nation in B.C. says new route for Trans Mountain pipeline runs through ‘sacred site’
- The Wet'suwet'en conflict disrupting Canada's rail system
- Indigenous supporters of Coastal GasLink speak out on the division and backlash
- A year after RCMP raids on Wet’suwet’en territory, the Coastal GasLink conflict isn’t going away
- Manitoba Elects Canada's First Provincial Government Led by First Nation
More on Bison
- This Is Not the End of the Story: The lasting promise of section 35
- The Constitution
- Nanabush, the Anishinaabe (Ojibway) Sacred Teacher and Trickster
- St’át’imc Nation
- Private Property, Freedom and the West
- Royal Proclamation of 1763: Relationships, Rights and Treaties
- The role of land and landownership in shaping our history
- Jasper Tour Company
- Making Nunavut truly “our land”
- Creation of a New Northwest Territories
- The Creation of Nunavut
- How was Nunavut created?
- First Nations A-Z Listing
- History of Treaties in B.C.
- Unceded: Why we acknowledge, or don't, that B.C. First Nations never signed away land
- About First Nations Treaty Process
- The BC Treaty Commission
- Crown land use application
- Government of Canada and the duty to consult
- Meech Lake Accord
- Charlottetown Accord
- 25 years since Elijah Harper said 'no' to the Meech Lake Accord
- Thirty years on, the boos to the Charlottetown accord still echo throughout Canada
- Failure of the Meech Lake accord lingers on
- 'We are not opening the Constitution': Trudeau pans Quebec's plans
- Rejection of Charlottetown accord ended era of constitutional reform
- Supreme Court Judgments - R. v. Sparrow
- Supreme Court Judgments - Delgamuukw v. British Columbia
- Supreme Court Judgements - Blueberry River Indian Band v. Canada (Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development)
- Understanding the differences between Aboriginal Law and Indigenous Law
- The Doctrine of Discovery and Terra Nullius
- The Wet'suwet'en conflict disrupting Canada's rail system
- ‘We’ve got a real divide in the community:’ Wet’suwet’en Nation in turmoil
- Indigenous supporters of Coastal GasLink speak out on the division and backlash
- A year after RCMP raids on Wet’suwet’en territory, the Coastal GasLink conflict isn’t going away
- TC Energy CEO ‘extremely disappointed’ by Coastal GasLink pipeline opposition
- Business group blasts government inaction on Wet'suwet'en solidarity blockade near rail line
- Legal divide lies behind Wet'suwet'en pipeline protest, expert says
- The Branches of Government
- About Canadian Inuit
- Metis Nation
- Congress of Aboriginal Peoples
- The British North America Act, 1867
- Indian Act
- Introduction to the Indian Act
- Indian Act and Elected Chief and Band Council System
- Assembly of First Nations
- 21 Things You May Not Know About the Indian Act
- Indigenous peoples and communities
- The myth of band councils as First Nations
- The myth of the corrupt chief and band council (Part I)
- Wait, aren’t Chiefs and Councils traditional Indigenous governance?
- Tribal Councils Location
- The Stó:lō Nation
- Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation
- Nuu-Chah-Nulth Tribal Council
- Tsimshian First Nations Treaty Society
- Modern Treaties
- British Columbia Assembly of First Nations
- Chiefs of Ontario
- Governance
- 'It's a symbol of our strength': Heiltsuk open first Big House in 120 years
- Anishinaabe Governance
- Wet'suwet'en: What's the difference between the elected band council and hereditary chiefs?
- Band councils are not "First Nations"
- The Wet'suwet'en, Aboriginal Title, and the Rule of Law
- The rule of law cuts both ways. Some Coastal GasLink protesters are ignoring that
- A pipeline through historically native land has sparked protests
- Trans Mountain pipeline: Why some First Nations want to stop it — and others want to own it
- 43 Indigenous Groups Have Signed Agreements in Support of the Trans Mountain Expansion Project
- We are Wet'suwet'en and the Coastal GasLink pipeline protesters do not represent us
- Coastal GasLink signs agreements with 100 per cent of B.C. elected Indigenous bands along the pipeline route
- Indigenous leaders, protesters gather in Vancouver to oppose Trans Mountain pipeline
- Welcome to the First Nation Profiles Interactive Map
- 1987 Constitutional Accord
- Native leader Elijah Harper helped scuttle Meech Lake
- Meech Lake Accord fails
- Canada 150: When a man with an eagle feather thwarted the high and mighty
- United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
- British North America Act, 1867
- The Constitution Acts 1867 to 1982
- The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
- Half of First Nations children on reserve live in poverty, new study says
- Dozens of Canada’s First Nations lack drinking water: ‘Unacceptable in a country so rich’
- Ending long-term drinking water advisories
- ‘We have to fix it faster’: 28 First Nations communities still under boil water advisories
- Fraser Basin Council
- Rivershed Profile: Brock Endean—Building community along the river
- Pacific Salmon Foundation
- Rights of the Aboriginal Peoples of Canada
- Indigenuity Consulting Group Inc.
- The environment is Canada’s biggest wedge issue
- Dr. Leroy Little Bear
- Blackfoot Confederacy
- United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
- Implementing the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act
- In their words: Canadians' experiences of racism
- After a 2-year dip, experts say bullying's increasing — and its harms can be long-lasting
- The Simpwc
- Bison
- More on UNDRIP
- Canada reintroduces bison to Banff national park after more than a century
- More bison return to traditional prairie lands
- Indigenous-led bison repopulation projects are helping the animal thrive again in Alberta
- Jagged Worldviews Colliding
- The fear of losing culture
- “Cultural insecurity as the main root cause of populism”
- Global Oil Demand to Reach Its Peak This Decade, IEA Says
- What's killing rural Canada
- Quebec is more than just a 'distinct society'
- Smaller share of Quebec households speaking French regularly, census data shows
- Quebec frets about its French language, culture
- The biodiversity crisis in numbers - a visual guide
- Almost 30000 Species Are Closer To Extinction: New Report
- Humans v nature: our long and destructive journey to the age of extinction
- Biodiversity at risk, threatens human survival, UN forum hears
- Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada
- Delivering on Truth and Reconciliation Commission Calls to Action
- Indigenous Peoples and the nature they protect
- Truth and Reconciliation Commission recommends environmental stewardship and protection of our natural resources
- UNDRIP
- Backgrounder: United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act
- British Columbia becomes 1st Canadian province to pass UN Indigenous rights declaration
- City of Vancouver’s UNDRIP Strategy
- Trudeau government bill may grant First Nations veto power over pipelines and other projects
- UN declaration doesn't give Canadian First Nations a veto: minister
- Mamakwa: ‘We cannot have reconciliation without truth’