Overview
Canada is at a critical crossroads as multiple crises – economic inequality, misinformation, polarization, and global instability – intersect and threaten the health of its democracy. This chapter argues that liberal democracy, grounded in the rule of law, individual rights, and civic responsibility, is essential to solving these challenges, yet it is increasingly fragile both globally and in Canada. While Canada has strong democratic foundations, they only work if citizens actively understand, protect, and participate in them. The future remains open: especially for young people, whose engagement, critical thinking, and willingness to act are vital to strengthening democracy and shaping a more stable, just, and hopeful Canada.
Define
- Liberal Democracy
- Rule of Law
- Civic Responsibility
- Accountability
- Democratic Backsliding (Democratic Decline)
- Populism
- Autocracy
- Electoral Autocracy
- Civic Engagement
- Surveillance Capitalism
- Algorithm
- Echo Chamber
- Polarization
- Foreign Interference
- Post-Truth Politics
- Habituation
- Fear Weaponization
- Civic Culture
- Pluralism
- Historical Amnesia
- Stewardship of Democracy
Referenced Resources
- Section 1
- Across the Globe Are Dissatisfied With How Democracy Is Working
- Inside the new reality for Canadian politicians
- Extremism, hateful rhetoric becoming ‘normalized’ in Canada, spy agency head warns
- Trust in Crisis: Canadians Lose Confidence in Institutions Now Gone
- Canada’s trust divide is growing, and that could spell bad news for the future
- Parliamentary systems do better economically than presidential ones
- Global Democracy Report: Majority of Countries Worsen as Press Freedom Hits 50-Year Low
- Democracy under threat? Polarization and public policy in Canada
- America’s democratic decline has critical lessons for Canadian voters
- Troubling trends in Canadian democracy
- The slow crumbling of Canadian democracy; Our parliamentary system is in a state of disrepair so advanced that it has lost much of its relevance, Andrew Coyne writes.
- Democracies in Decline
- The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
- New Report: The global decline in democracy has accelerated
- This Is How Democracy Dies
- U.S. could lose democracy status, says global watchdog
- Trump's Actions Have Created a Constitutional Crisis
- The House of Representatives Is Failing America
- Congress dormant, courts undermined — why America’s checks and balances are in crisis
- Understanding democratic decline in the United States
- The Beacon of Democracy Goes Dark
- ICE raids and fear tactics: Is America becoming a police state?
- The President's Police State
- Our divided nation will fall unless we restore pragmatism
- Threats to US Democracy: Dangerous Cracks in Its Pillars
- Hundreds of scholars say U.S. is swiftly heading toward authoritarianism
- Voters See Democracy in Peril, but Saving It Isn't a Priority
- Jan. 6 Capitol Attack: Key Moments Leading to Riot and How It Unfolded
- A war on truth is raging. Not everyone recognizes we're in it.
- The End of Rule of Law in America
- The Path to American Authoritarianism
- The Threat of Civil Breakdown Is Real
- What exactly is the Tea Party?
- Looking Back at the Economic Crash of 2008
- The Great Recession and Its Aftermath
- Three weeks that changed the world
Think about it
- What does the chapter mean by liberal democracy, and how is it different from party politics?
- Why does the chapter argue that democracy is essential to solving Canada’s major challenges?
- According to the chapter, why are strong institutions not enough to protect democracy on their own?
- What does Peter Biro mean by the “civic immune system”?
- How does the chapter explain democratic backsliding as a gradual process rather than a sudden collapse?
- How did the 2008 financial crisis contribute to political anger and populism?
- Why can populism be both positive and dangerous for democracy?
- What role does fear play in weakening democratic societies?
- How do misinformation and disinformation differ, and why do both matter for democracy?
- What is meant by 'habituation', and how does it make democratic decline harder to notice?
- How do social media algorithms shape what people believe is true?
- What is surveillance capitalism, and how does it affect privacy and democracy?
- Why does the chapter suggest that technology companies can become more powerful than governments?
- How can online echo chambers increase polarization?
- In what ways can foreign actors use social media to interfere in democratic processes?
- Why does the chapter say Canada is stronger than many democracies, but not immune?
- How does economic inequality in Canada differ from the United States, and why does that matter politically?
- Why should Canada approach trade relationships with countries that do not share its values with caution?
- How does what happens in other countries affect Canada’s democracy?
- Why is it dangerous to assume - it can’t happen here?
- How can young people be drawn toward extremist movements during times of uncertainty?
- Why is forgetting history a serious risk to democracy?
- What responsibilities do citizens have in a democracy beyond voting?
- How does the chapter challenge the idea that democratic problems are caused only by leaders?
- Why is civic engagement alone not enough. Why does how people engage matter?
- What does it mean to be a steward of democracy?
- How can everyday choices (especially online) affect democratic health?
- What gives the chapter its sense of hope, despite the seriousness of the challenges?
- What warning signs of democratic decline should Canadians be most alert to today?
- Which idea or quote from the chapter challenged your thinking the most, and why?
- What is one action individuals can take to strengthen democracy in their community?
- How can disagreement exist without undermining democracy?
- Do you believe democracy is worth the effort and messiness it requires? Why or why not?
Referenced Resources
- Great Recession - Definition, Cause & 2008
- How the 2008 financial crisis crashed the economy and changed the world
- How the Bankers Destroyed the Dream
- How the Tea Party Transformed American Politics
- The Tea Party Didn't Get What It Wanted, but It Did Unleash the Politics of Anger
- The Real Cost of the 2008 Financial Crisis
- The Tea Party Movement Is Alive and Well—And We Saw Trump Coming
- Income inequality boosted Trump vote
- We’re witnessing the continuing cultural divergence of Canada and the United States
- Rising inequality: A major issue of our time
- US election: Trump victory a working-class backlash against economic inequality
- Inequality has risen from 1970 to Trump − that has 3 hidden costs that undermine democracy
- Income Inequality: The Canadian Story
- Income inequality is changing how we think, live, and die
- Economic inequality leads to anger – and riots
- How Germany's AfD Became a Political Powerhouse
- How strongmen mastered the art of dividing Europe
- Explainer: Populism - Left and Right, Progressive and Regressive
- Political Parties Have Disconnected From the Public
- Dismissive centrists are making it way too easy for populists to win
- ‘Disrupt or be disrupted’, mainstream parties warned as voters turn to populists
- Revealed: one in three Europeans now vote anti-establishment
- Poll shows many Canadians disconnected from democracy, vulnerable to populism
- Economic Inequality—Populism's Rallying Cry
- The Global Rise of Populism
- Don't demonize populism
- After Trump, Is American Democracy Doomed by Populism?